1. Do you agree that ecological factors influenced the flow and ebb of the Harappan civilization? Comment. [2021,20 Marks]
2. The decline of Harappan civilization was caused by ecological degradation rather than external invasion. Discuss. [2015, 15m]
1. Did the mastery over agriculture act as a leverage for the rise of Harappan towns and cities? Discuss. [2019, 15 Marks]
2. “Archaeological evidence does not give direct access to the possible social and political dimensions of the decline of the Harappan civilization. What it does indicate very clearly is that the Harappan culture underwent a gradual process of de-urbanizatio
3. Explain why the majority of the known Harappan settlements are located in the semiarid areas with saline groundwater. [2016, 20 Marks]
4. Discuss the water management and its conservation planning in the Harappan (Indus- Saraswati) cities. [2013, 20m]
5. Trace the development of urbanization from the third millennium B.C.E. to 6th century B.C.E. [2011, 60m]
6. Analyse the elements of urban civilization in the Harappan Culture. What factors were responsible for its decline? [2002, 60m]
1. Do you think the Harappan civilization had a diversity of subsistence base? [2014, 15m]
2. Evaluate the significance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio- economic and religious life of the Harappan people. [2012, 30m]
1. There is no literary sources for the Harappan culture and no archaeological evidence for the Vedic period. Explain the phenomenon. [2019, 20 Marks]
2. Critically examine various views regarding the Vedic Harappan relationship in light of the latest discoveries. [2017, 15 Marks]
1. Will it be proper to consider the megaliths to represent a single homogenous or contemporaneous culture? What kind of material life and culture system is revealed in the megalithic cultures? [2021,15 marks]
2. In what ways can the Megalithic culture be considered a foundational phase of the history of peninsular India? [2014, 15m]
3. Discuss the extent, settlement patterns and subsistence economy of the megalithic cultures. [2012, 30m]
4. Discuss the distribution and significance of farming cultures outside the Indus system. [2008, 60m]
